Symbols As Power: The Papacy Following the Investiture Contest"Symbols as Power" deals with the period between the end of the Investiture Contest in 1122 and the re-establishment of the Roman Senate in 1143. It was a time of transition when popes had to chart new policies relating to the church and the empire. This study concentrates on information encoded in such media as art, architecture, ecclesiastical furniture, pageantry and liturgy. Combined with written sources it analyzes the ideology and policies of each of the four popes reigning in this period. In some cases they manipulated these media as propaganda, and in others their views were less consciously subsumed in the object or ceremony. Strong currents drew the papacy in opposite directions - back towards its apostolic origins, and forward toward a more secular, imperial papacy. All of the popes but one chose the path leading to papal monarchy at the end of the century. Anaclet II, who lost the battle for recognition as pope in the schism of 1130-1138, identified more with the paleochristian church and its religious orientation. This book illuminates a crucial moment in the papal quest for reform and power in both the ecclesiastical and secular spheres. Not only scholars in the field, but also advanced and graduate students interested in iconography and papal politics will find it provocative and enlightening. |
Contents
Imperial Motifs | 1 |
St Peters 336 | 36 |
Ordo C | 57 |
The Apse Mosaic in San Clemente | 118 |
The Apse Fresco in the Chapel of St Nicholas | 132 |
St Peters | 193 |
A Dip in the Curve | 209 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | 215 |
INDEX | 233 |
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Common terms and phrases
Alfanus altar of St Anaclet Anastasius apse apse mosaic Barb Basilicae Vaticanae beati Petri Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana bishops Burdinus cardinal cardinal priest Cencius chapel Christ church Codice Topografico Concordat of Worms consecration Constantine coronation ceremonies crown Description du Latran Donation of Constantine Eichmann eius election Elze emperor Frangipani frescoes frigium Gandolfo Gelasius Gelasius II Gregory VII Grimaldi Henry Herklotz Honorius Honorius Augustodunensis Ibid imperatoris imperial Innocent Innocent's inscription investitures Kaiserkrönung Krautheimer Ladner Lateran palace Lateranensis laudes Lauer Leonis Lothar Lothar III Mallius Maria in Cosmedin Maria in Trastevere MGH SS Mirabilia Mittelalters Montecassino Nicholas oath ordo painting Pandulfus Panvinius papa papacy papal elections papal throne Paschal Peter Petrus Petrus Diaconus Pierleoni Pont Pontifice pope quae quod reform regnum reign Roma Roman Romanorum Rome saints San Clemente San Lorenzo sancti Petri Santa Maria schism Schramm stratoris Sylvester symbol tiara Trastevere twelfth century Valentini & Zucchetti Vita